Passaic, New Jersey
Passaic ( /pəˈseɪ.ɨk/ pə-say-ik or local /pəˈseɪk/ pə-sayk) is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 69,781,[4][6] maintaining its status as the 15th largest municipality in New Jersey with an increase of 1,920 residents (2.8%) from the 2000 Census population of 67,861.[11] Located north of Newark on the Passaic River, it was first settled in 1678 by Dutch traders, as Acquackanonk Township. The city and river draw their name from the Lenape word "pahsayèk" which has been variously attributed to mean "valley" or "place where the land splits."[12]
History
The city originated from a Dutch settlement on the Passaic River established in 1679 which was called Acquackanonk. Industrial growth began in the 19th century, as Passaic became a textile and metalworking center. Passaic was formed within Acquackanonk Township on March 10, 1869, and was incorporated as an independent village on March 21, 1871. Passaic was chartered as a city on April 2, 1873.[13]
The 1926 Passaic Textile Strike led by union organizer Albert Weisbord had 36,000 mill workers leave their jobs to oppose wage cuts demanded by the textile industry. The workers successfully fought to keep their wages unchanged but did not receive recognition of their union by the mill owners.[14]
Passaic has been called "The Birthplace of Television".[15] In 1931, experimental television station W2XCD began transmitting from DeForest Radio Corp. in Passaic. It has been called the first television station to transmit to the home, and was the first such station to broadcast a feature film. Allen B. DuMont, formerly DeForest's chief engineer, opened pioneering TV manufacturer DuMont Laboratories in Passaic in 1937, and started the DuMont Television Network, the world's first commercial television network, in 1946. The Okonite company began manufacturing electrical cable here in 1888, with early uses of the company's insulated wires including some of the earliest telegraph cables and the wiring for Thomas Edison's Pearl Street Station in Lower Manhattan.[16]
In 1992, the voters of Passaic Township in Morris County voted to change their town's name to Long Hill Township, New Jersey, to avoid confusion between the City of Passaic and the largely rural community 22 miles (35 km) away, as well as association with the more urban City of Passaic.[17]
Passaic is served by two newspapers The Record and The Star-Ledger.
Geography
Passaic is located at .[18]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.24 square miles (8.4 km2), of which 3.15 square miles (8.2 km2) is land and 0.10 square miles (0.26 km2), or 3.09%, is water.[2] Passaic is bordered on the north, west and south by the City of Clifton, and to the east by the Passaic River.
Passaic is located 10 miles (16 km) from New York City, and 12 miles (19 km) from Newark Airport.
The city
Passaic has several business districts: Main Avenue begins in Passaic Park and follows the curve of the river to downtown. Broadway runs east – west through the center of the city, ending at Main Avenue in downtown. Monroe Street has many shops, restaurants and businesses reflecting the city's Latino and Eastern European populations.
The city is home to several architecturally notable churches, including St. John's Lutheran Church, First Presbyterian of Passaic, and St. John's Episcopal Church.
Passaic Park
Southwest Passaic (known as Passaic Park) is a residential and institutional center of Orthodox Judaism, with 25-30 minyanim on Shabbos, and 1,300 families, as well as being home to numerous yeshivas, schools and other institutions. There are also kosher food and shopping establishments.[19]
Passaic Park takes its name from Third Ward Park. This area is also noted for its large mansions and homes of various architectural styles, especially Victorian and Tudor. Several condominium and cooperative apartment complexes are also located here including: Carlton Tower (the city's tallest structure), The Towers, and Barry Gardens (which are all located within walking distance of each other on a stretch of Passaic Avenue between Aycrigg Avenue and Barry Place).
Demographics
Historical populations |
Census |
Pop. |
|
%± |
1880 |
6,532 |
|
—
|
1890 |
13,028 |
|
99.4% |
1900 |
27,777 |
|
113.2% |
1910 |
54,773 |
|
97.2% |
1920 |
63,841 |
|
16.6% |
1930 |
62,959 |
|
−1.4% |
1940 |
61,394 |
|
−2.5% |
1950 |
57,702 |
|
−6.0% |
1960 |
53,963 |
|
−6.5% |
1970 |
55,124 |
|
2.2% |
1980 |
52,463 |
|
−4.8% |
1990 |
58,041 |
|
10.6% |
2000 |
67,861 |
|
16.9% |
2010 |
69,781 |
|
2.8% |
Population sources:1880-1900[20]
1910[21] 1880-1930[22] 1930-1990[23]
2000[24][25] 2010[4][11][6][5] |
Census 2010
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 69,781 people, 19,411 households, and 14,597 families residing in the city. The population density was 22,179.6 inhabitants per square mile (8,563.6 /km2). There were 20,432 housing units at an average density of 6,494.2 per square mile (2,507.4 /km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 45.06% (31,440) White, 10.64% (7,425) African American, 1.07% (745) Native American, 4.36% (3,040) Asian, 0.04% (27) Pacific Islander, 33.37% (23,284) from other races, and 5.47% (3,820) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71.02% (49,557) of the population.[4]
There were 19,411 households out of which 42.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 23.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.57 and the average family size was 4.02.[4]
In the city the population was spread out with 31.5% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.2 years. For every 100 females there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.2 males.[4]
Census 2000
As of the census[8] of 2000, there were 67,861 people, 19,458 households, and 14,457 families residing in the city of Passaic, New Jersey. The population density was 21,804.7 people per square mile (8,424.8/km²). There were 20,194 housing units at an average density of 6,488.6 per square mile (2,507.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 35.43% White, 13.83% African American, 0.78% Native American, 5.51% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 39.36% from other races, and 5.04% from two or more races. The cultural groupings for Hispanic or Latino of any race were 62.46% of the population.[24][25]
As of the 2000 Census, 59.3% spoke Spanish at home, while 28.9% of residents identified themselves as speaking English at home. An additional 2.5% were speakers of Gujarathi and 2.4% spoke Polish.[26] There were 31,101 foreign-born residents of Passaic in 2000, of which 79.4% were from Latin America, with 31.3% of foreign-born residents from Mexico and 27.2% from the Dominican Republic.[27] Among the speakers of Polish in Passaic are many Gorals. Passaic also has a sizable Orthodox Jewish community that reaches into neighboring Clifton, with 20 Orthodox synagogues serving a Jewish population of 12,000 that is predominantly Orthodox.[28] In the first half of the twentieth century there was a sizable Italian American population, but this has declined over the years.
There were 19,458 households out of which 42.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 21.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 8.2% of Passaic households were same-sex partner households. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.46 and the average family size was 3.93.[24][25]
In the city the population was spread out with 30.8% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 16.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males.[24][25]
The median income for a household in the city was $33,594, and the median income for a family was $34,935. Males had a median income of $24,568 versus $21,352 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,874. About 18.4% of families and 21.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.6% of those under age 18 and 16.0% of those age 65 or over.[24][25]
Government
Local government
The city of Passaic is governed under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government under the Faulkner Act. Under this form of government, the mayor is elected directly by the voters for a four-year term. Seven council Members serve four year terms on a staggered basis.[29]
The Mayor of Passaic is Alex Blanco, who won a special election in November 2008 to succeed acting mayor Gary Schaer, who, as City Council president automatically moved into this position upon the resignation by previous mayor Samuel Rivera, after Rivera pleaded guilty to corruption charges filed against him.[30] Blanco was elected to serve the remainder of Rivera's term, and was re-elected to a full term on May 12, 2009, with 4,751 votes (53.2% of votes cast), defeating Passaic Board of Education member Vinny Capuana who received 4,177 (46.8%).[31]
As of 2011[update], members of the Passaic City Council are Council President Gary Schaer, Jose Garcia, Hector C. Lora, Terrence L. Love, Chaim M. Munk, Zaida Polanco and Daniel J. Schwartz.[32] In addition to his role as council president, Schaer also holds a seat in the New Jersey General Assembly. This dual position, often called double dipping, is allowed under a grandfather clause in the state law enacted by the New Jersey Legislature and signed into law by Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine in September 2007 that prevents dual-office-holding but allows those who had held both positions as of February 1, 2008, to retain both posts.[33]
Corruption charges over the past decades have resulted in the federal convictions of two mayors, seven councilman and other public officials.[34][35] Passaic Business Administrator Anthony Ianoco was terminated in February 2011 after he was charged with cocaine possession, following his arrest in Hoboken, where police arrested him after he was caught driving the wrong way in a Passaic city vehicle. [36]
Federal, state and county representation
Passaic is in the 8th Congressional district and is part of New Jersey's 36th state legislative district.[37] The legislative district was kept unchanged by the New Jersey Apportionment Commission based on the results of the 2010 Census.[6]
New Jersey's Eighth Congressional District is represented by Bill Pascrell (D, Paterson). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Bob Menendez (D, Hoboken).
36th District of the New Jersey Legislature, which is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Paul Sarlo (D, Wood-Ridge) and in the New Jersey General Assembly by Gary Schaer (D, Passaic) and Kevin J. Ryan (D, Nutley).[38] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham).[39] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[40]
Passaic County is governed by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders, who are elected to staggered three-year terms office on an at-large basis, with two or three seats coming up for election each year.[41] As of 2011, Passaic County's Freeholders are Freeholder Director Bruce James (D, term ends December 31, 2011; Clifton), Freeholder Deputy Director Pat Lepore (D, 2013; Woodland Park), Deborah E. Ciambrone (R, 2012; Wayne), Terry Duffy (D, 2013; West Milford), Greyson P. Hannigan (D, 2011; Paterson), Michael Marrotta (R, 2012; Wayne) and Edward O'Connell (R, 2012; Wanaque).[42]
Education
The Passaic City School District is a type II school district, and is an independent legal entity administered by a nine-member Board of Education elected by the voters of the school district. The Superintendent of Schools is Dr. Robert H. Holster. The school system includes two early childhood centers, 12 elementary schools (grades K-6), a middle school (grades 7-8), and Passaic High School for grades 9-12. The district is one of 31 Abbott Districts statewide.[43]
The Collegiate School is a private coeducational day school located in Passaic, serving students in prekindergarten through twelfth grade.
Passaic County Community College opened a new campus in the city of Passaic on September 11, 2008, at 2 Paulison Avenue. The new campus will allow PCCC to reach the 15% of its students who come from the city of Passaic. The college's nursing program will be relocated and expanded at the new campus to provide a qualified program to help fill the longstanding nursing shortage.[44]
The Yeshiva Gedola of Passaic is an institute of Talmudic learning for post-high-school-age men. Passaic has two Mesivtas, Mesivta Tiferes Rav Tzvi Aryeh Zemel Zal, and Mesivta Zichron Baruch. Passaic also has a number of Orthodox educational institutions for primary education as well as other advanced seminaries and kollels for married students.
Emergency services
Fire
The Passaic Fire Department (PFD) is a paid fire department. The PFD was organized in November 1869 and became a paid department in 1909 which now consists of 109 firefighters. There are two fire houses that contain seven Engines and three Ladder trucks.[45]
Ambulance
Commerce
Portions of Passaic are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide).[46]
Since 1994, the Hercules Chemical Company has been located in Passaic.
Transportation
Passaic is served by state roadways including Route 3 and Route 21. The Garden State Parkway and Interstate 80 are nearby.
Local bus transportation is provided by New Jersey Transit, with service to Paterson, Rutherford, Newark, Clifton, Garfield, and Wallington among other locations on the 74, 702, 703, 705, 707, 709, 744, 758, 780 and 970routes. New Jersey Transit bus routes 161 and 190 provides local service and interstate service to Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City.[47]
The Passaic New Jersey Transit rail station is located in the Passaic Park section, providing service on the Main Line southbound to Hoboken Terminal, and to Secaucus Junction for New Jersey Transit connections to Pennsylvania Station in Midtown Manhattan, Newark Airport and points north and south. Northbound service is provided to Paterson, Ridgewood and New York stations in Suffern and Port Jervis.
Passaic formerly had four train stations (Passaic Park, Prospect Street, Passaic and Harrison Street) on the Erie Railroad main line. In 1963, these stations were abandoned and the main line was moved to the Boonton Branch.[48]
Commuter jitney buses operate along Main Avenue providing service to Paterson, Union City, the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal in New York City, and points between. This service does not operate on an official schedule.
Notable residents
Notable current and former residents of Passaic include:
- Mitch Albom (born 1958), author of The Five People You Meet in Heaven.[49]
- John Barbata (born 1945), drummer for The Turtles.[50]
- Terrence Boyle (born 1945), judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina.[51]
- George Breeman (1880–1937), sailor and Medal of Honor recipient.[52]
- Bob Butterworth (born 1942), former Florida Attorney General.[53]
- Arthur K. Cebrowski (1942–2005), United States Navy admiral and senior U.S. Department of Defense official.[54]
- Morris Cerullo (born 1931), pentecostal televangelist.[55]
- Alan N. Cohen (1930–2004), former co-owner of the Boston Celtics and the New Jersey Nets.[56]
- Howard Crook (born 1947), Opera singer tenor.[57]
- Mark DeRosa (born 1975), Major League Baseball infielder.[58]
- Dow H. Drukker (1872–1963), represented New Jersey's 6th congressional district from 1914–1919.[59]
- Evelyn Dubrow (1911–2006), lobbyist and Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient.[60]
- Charles Evered (born 1964), playwright.[61]
- Donald Fagen (born 1948), musician with Steely Dan.[62]
- Paul Goldberger (born 1950), Pulitzer Prize-winning architecture critic.[63]
- David Grisman (born 1945), bluegrass musician and former member of Old and in the Way with Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead.[64]
- Reed Gusciora (born 1960), former minority leader of the New Jersey General Assembly.[65]
- Beth Gylys (born 1964), poet and professor.[66]
- Art Harris (1949-70), running back who was involved in the 1970 Marshall football team plane crash that killed everyone on board.[67]
- Robert Helps (1928–2001), pianist and composer.[68]
- Craig Heyward (1966–2006), National Football League running back.[69]
- Dennis Johnson (born 1951), former NFL defensive tackle.[70]
- Mike Jorgensen (born 1948), former Major League Baseball player.[71]
- Lewis Kaplan, violinist.[72]
- Fritz Knothe (1903–1963), former Major League Baseball player and member of "Wonder Team."[73]
- Anthony Mason (born 1925), actor.[74]
- Ray Malavasi (1930–87), National Football League head coach.[75]
- William J. Martini (born 1947), former Republican Congressman.[76]
- Larry Mialik (born 1950), former National Football League player.[77]
- Bill Mokray (1907–74), basketball historian and statistician enshrined in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1965 as a contributor to the sport.[78]
- Jack Mulhall (1887–1979), silent film and talkie leading man.[79]
- Morris Pashman (1912–99), New Jersey Supreme Court Justice who served as mayor of Passaic from 1951 to 1955.[80]
- Millie Perkins (born 1938), actress, best known for her lead role in the film The Diary of Anne Frank.[81]
- Jason Perry (born 1976), former safety in the NFL from 1999 to 2002.[82]
- Joe Piscopo (born 1951), comedian.[74]
- Gerry Polci, drummer and singer with Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons.[83]
- Michael J. Pollard (born 1939), actor.[84]
- Stuart Rabner (born 1960), Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court.[85]
- Frankie Randall (born 1938), entertainer, musician, singer and actor.[86]
- Joseph Rankin (1833–86), U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.[87]
- John Roosma (1900–1983), captain of Ernest Blood's "Wonder Teams" who became the first college player to total 1,000 points for his career while at the United States Military Academy.[88]
- Alan Rosenberg (born 1951), Emmy Award-winning actor and activist, Screen Actors Guild President (2005–present).[89]
- Mark Rosenberg (c. 1948–1992), film producer.[90]
- Paul Rudd (born 1969), actor.[91]
- Bob Russell (1914–70), Hall of Fame songwriter.[92]
- Bob Russell (1908–98), entertainer.[93]
- Nick Sakiewicz (born 1961), soccer executive.[94]
- Zoe Saldana (born 1978), actress who appeared in the 2009 film Avatar.[95]
- Víctor Santos (born 1976), Cincinnati Reds pitcher.[96]
- Sherwood Schwartz (1916-2011), TV producer, best known for creating Gilligan's Island and The Brady Bunch.[91]
- The Shirelles, musicians.[97]
- Robert Smithson (1938–1973), artist.[98]
- Mark Stevens, former NFL QB, Redskins, played college at Purdue.[99]
- Larry Storch (born 1923), actor.[91]
- Tyronne Stowe (born 1965), former NFL linebacker.[100]
- Loretta Swit (born 1937), actress.[74]
- Danny Szetela (born 1987), Major League Soccer player.[101]
- Dave Szott (born 1967), National Football League player and coach.[102]
- Jack Tatum (born 1948), football player.[103]
- Ösel Tendzin (1943–90), Tibetan Buddhist scholar.[104][105]
- Franklin Stuart Van Antwerpen (born 1941), judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.[106]
- Dick Vitale (born 1939), sportscaster.[107]
- Perry Williams (born 1961), former cornerback for the New York Giants.[108]
- Darrin Winston (1966–2008), Major League Baseball player who played two seasons in Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Phillies.[109]
- Saul Zaentz (born 1921), film producer.[110]
- Frankie Zak (1922–72), Major League Baseball player, Pittsburgh Pirates.[111][112]
Films shot in Passaic
References
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- ^ a b GCT-PH1: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- Place and (in selected states) County Subdivision from 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 18, 2011.
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- ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
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- ^ Adely, Hannan. "Clifton-Passaic Y gets ready to shut its doors, as donations plummet", The Record (New Jersey), July 5, 2011. Accessed August 28, 2011. "The Young Men's Hebrew Association formed in Passaic in 1904, adding a women's counterpart the following year, and moved to the 7-acre campus in Clifton in 1976. In that year, the Jewish population in Clifton and Passaic was estimated at 9,000, according to the American Jewish Year Book; in 2010, the figure was 12,000. While the Jewish population has grown, the historic population of Reform and Conservative Jews has been largely replaced by Orthodox practitioners, said local residents and Jewish leaders.... The growth of the Orthodox community can be seen throughout the southern end of Clifton and Passaic, which is home to about 20 Orthodox synagogues and minyans, or prayer groups, and to a cluster of kosher shops and Jewish schools."
- ^ 2005 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, April 2005, p. 154.
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- ^ Conte, Michaelangelo. "Fired Passaic Business Administrator Anthony Iacono makes first court appearance on DWI, drug charges", The Jersey Journal, February 25, 2011. Accessed August 28, 2011. "Iacono, 48, of Lyndhurst, was arrested at 10:36 p.m. Feb. 10 by Hoboken police officers who spotted him driving the wrong way down a one-way street in a City of Passaic-owned car with a flashing light on the top, police said at the time.... The day after Iacono's arrest, Passaic Mayor Alex Blanco announced Iacono's termination from his post as City of Passaic business administrator."
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- ^ Geographic & Urban Redevelopment Tax Credit Programs: Urban Enterprise Zone Employee Tax Credit, State of New Jersey, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 25, 2009. Accessed August 28, 2011.
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- ^ Yanosey, Robert J. (2007). Lackawanna Railroad Facilities (In Color). Volume 1: Hoboken to Dover. Scotch Plains, New Jersey: Morning Sun Books Inc.. pp. 108. ISBN 1582482144.
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- ^ Tamarkin, Jeff. Got a revolution!: the turbulent flight of Jefferson Airplane, p. 253. Simon and Schuster, 2003. ISBN 0671034030. Accessed August 28, 2011. "Born in Passaic, New Jersey, in 1945, Barbata had been the drummer for the Turtles, the enormously successful folk/pop-rock group whose many hits included the classic 'Happy Together.'"
- ^ "CLASS OF 1970 PROFILE ON ALUMNI – The Honorable Terrence Boyle" Reunion Times, American University Washington College of Law, Summer 2005. Accessed May 13, 2007. "Terrence Boyle was born and raised in Passaic, New Jersey."
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- ^ Singer, Jeremy. "Military Transformation Pioneer Arthur Cebrowski Dies at 63", Space News, November 21, 2005. Accessed May 13, 2007. "Cebrowski, a native of Passaic, N.J., graduated from Villanova University in Pennsylvania in 1964, and entered the Navy that same year."
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External links